Oxford Economics conducted the study, which is the first of its kind since 2014.
The $261bn contributed to the US economy during 2017 was a 9.5% increase on the $240bn generated in 2014.
The gaming industry in the US also supports nearly 1.8 million jobs, representing a slight growth from the 2014 figures.
Meanwhile, federal, state and local governments benefited from $40.8bn in tax revenue generated from gaming activities. This figure has risen from the $38bn found in the last study.
Sara Slane, Senior Vice President of Public Affairs for the AGA, said: “The industry’s tax revenue alone provides enough funding to hire 692,000 new teachers.
“Since our last study in 2014, casino gaming has expanded into new markets, offered innovative new entertainment options and enhanced its position as a key contributor to local, state and federal economies.”